Modal Verbs - Must and Mustn't



Following the previous post about the modal verbs of  CAN and CAN'T, this post is about MUST and MUSTN'T.

Seguint la publicació anterior sobre els verbs modals de CAN i pot no, aquesta publicació és sobre MUST i MUST NOT / MUST NOT.

With modal verbs, there is only one form of it for every subject pronoun:
Amb els verbs modals, només hi ha una forma per a cada pronom:
I must                             
You must                        
He/She/ It must              
We must                       
They must                     

There is no change and there is never an S at the end:
No hi ha canvi i mai hi ha una 'S' a la fin:
He musts stop (INCORRECT)
He must stop (CORRECT)
The verb follows MUST. The verb used is the base form of the infinitive, which means it is the infinitive without TO.
El verb segueix MUST. El verb usat és la forma base de l'infinitiu, el que significa que és l'infinitiu sense TO.
INCORRECT: I MUST TO GO, SHE MUST TO STUDY, WE MUST TO SPEAK
CORRECT: I MUST GO, SHE MUST STUDY, WE MUST SPEAK.

Examples of MUST include:
Exemples d'MUST incloure:
I must study  
You must wear a helmet when riding a bike
It must be ready by tomorrow 
They must follow the rules.



Using MUST in different situations:
Usant MUST en situacions diferents:
Expressing obligation or duty - this refers to complying with rules, laws, and regulations. Usually, if these obligations are not completed, there will be problems and serious consequences.
Expressar obligacions: es refereix a complir amb les normes, lleis i regulaciones.Generalmente, si aquestes obligacions no es compleixen, hi haurà problemes i greus conseqüències.

He must pass the Maths exam. He cannot graduate without it.
Ell ha de passar l'examen de matemàtiques. Ell no pot graduar sense això.
You must wear a seatbelt.
Has portar un cinturó.

To emphasize the necessity of something - used to describe something that is needed or necessary.
Per emfatitzar la necessitat d'alguna cosa - s'usa per descriure una cosa que és necessari o necessari.

Plants must have light and water to grow.
Les plantes han de tenir llum i aigua per créixer.
The road is very busy. You must look both ways before crossing it.
El camí està molt ocupat. Has mirar a banda i banda abans de creuar-lo.
Deduction - to demonstrate certainty. Must is used when you are sure that something is true based on evidence and facts.
Deducció - per demostrar seguridad.Must s'usa quan estàs segur que alguna cosa és cert en base a l'evidència.

Look at the snow. It must be freezing outside.
Mira la neu. Ha d'estar molt fred fora.
Expresses positive assumptions about the past (must + have + past participle) 
Expressa suposicions positives sobre el passat (ha de + tenir + participi passat)

That must have been my sister calling me while I was in the meeting.
Aquesta va haver de ser la trucada de la meva germana mentre era a la reunió.

She must have won the lottery with the new house and boat she has just bought.
Ella ha d'haver guanyat la loteria amb la nova casa i el vaixell que acaba de comprar.

MUST can be used for a strong recommendation - it shows that something is highly recommended.
MUST ser utilitzat per a una recomanació - demostra que alguna cosa és molt recomanable.
The cupcakes here are amazing. You must try one.
Els cupcakes aquí són increïbles. Has provar un.

MUST NOT/ MUSTN'T
The negative of 'MUST' is 'MUST NOT' - this can be abbreviated to 'MUSTN'T'. It is important that you do NOT do something.
El negatiu de 'MUST' és 'HA NOT' - això pot ser abreujat com 'MUST NOT'. És important que NO facis alguna cosa.
You mustn't use your phone while you are driving.
No has de utilitzar el teu telèfon mentre condueixes.
Students must not talk during the exam.
Els estudiants no han de parlar durant l'examen.
You must not tell Edna. It's a surprise for her.
No has de dir-li a Edna. És una sorpresa per a ella.



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